John Brown – the “Spark” - 2045 Words

â€Å"All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing.† – Edmund Burke Throughout the existence of slavery in America, white abolitionists have played a crucial role in the fight for the freedom of blacks. They all risked everything, and fueled by passion stepped outside of the societal norm to fight for those unable to fight. However, few white abolitionists caused as much controversy during their time as John Brown. Brown was an abolitionist who not only spoke out on his beliefs, but backed up them up with action. He was so contentious that he was able to be considered a hero and a terrorist at the same time. Although Brown’s actions were considered debatable, it can be agreed upon today that they were†¦show more content†¦His plan was to seize the 100,000 muskets and rifles that were located in the armory and use them to arm the local slaves. From there, they would head south, gathering more and more slaves from plantations, and fighting in a manner of â€Å"self defense† (Reynolds). He had even asked Harriet Tubman to join him in the raid; however she was ill and unable to join him. Her participation would have been interesting, and perhaps tragic, as she was the escaped slave that founded the Underground Railway. John’s plan was that the slaves would revolt and battle against their masters. However, this plan would not succeed. The Raid at Harpers Ferry would be a beginning to the Civil War and an end for John Brown. The raid initially went well, they were able to capture the armory due it being guarded by a single watchmen. They then rounded up hostages from some local farms, one being the great grad nephew of George Washington, and spread the news to the local slaves. Unfortunately, Brown and his men soon found themselves surrounded by the U.S Marines led by Colonel Robert E. Lee and were commanded to surrender. Brown initially refused, stating â€Å"No, I prefer to die here† (New World Encyclopedia). Soon the power of the Marines was too much, Brown had become wounded, and he and the survivors of the raid became detained. Brown was taken to Charleston,Show MoreRelatedAbolitionist John Brown1836 Words   |  7 Pagesthe words spoken by abolitionist John Brown at his trial in Charles Town, Virginia (now part of West Virginia) following his violent raid at Harper’s Ferry Federal Arsenal in October, 1859 (Fanton 82). John Brown played a vital role in the anti-slavery movement and his actions opened the eyes of a nation that would become divided in a war of brother against brother. He clearly states his intentions, but did he really not mean to excite or incite a rebellion among slaves? John Brown represented the idealsRead MoreJohn Brown : An American Abolitionist Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Brown is an American Abolitionist who believed in abolishing slavery across the nation through killing any southern slaveholder or supporter that comes in his path. It is believed that he had a plan to gather all the free slaves and rebel against th e southern states, but his rebellion never made it that far. His rebellion started in Kansas in 1855 and ended in December 1858 at Harpers Ferry leading to him being convicted and hung for his crimes. John Brown had one motive that made him do theseRead MoreJohn Brown: an Extreme Abolitionist1452 Words   |  6 PagesChris Carey John Brown: An Extreme Abolitionist John Brown’s beliefs about slavery and activities to destroy it hardly represented the mainstream of northern society in the years leading up to the Civil War. This rather unique man, however, took a leading role in propelling the nation toward secession and conflict. Many events influenced Brown’s views on slavery from an early age. When he was older, his strong anti-slavery feelings had grown, and he became an extreme abolitionist. His raid onRead MoreJohn Brown : Abolitionist or Psychopath3669 Words   |  15 PagesJohn Brown: Abolitionist or Psychopath His 378 August 3, 2012 John Brown Part 1 1. On October 16, 1859 John Brown led a group of men to Harper’s Ferry, Virginia and raided the Federal arsenal. Brown wanted to create an army of African-Americans that would in the end help release black slaves in the Southern states. Brown and his men manage to capture the arsenal but the town people of Harper’s Ferry surrounded the buildings and trapped Brown and his men. Brown had intended to steal the government’sRead MoreU.S. History: Abolitionist John Brown607 Words   |  2 PagesJohn Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia was an attempt to steal from the federal armory in order to arm the slaves with the needed weapons and lead a black rebellion aimed at ending slavery and pave the way for racial equality. The subject of this paper will be about John Brown’s journey in formulating the plan to start the rebellion against slavery which ultimately forced greater tension between the north and the south which induced the possibility of a Civil War. Abolitionist John BrownRead MoreThe Work of Three Major Abolitionists: Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison and John Brown1328 Words   |  6 PagesRevivalistic tenets led abolitionists to see slavery as the product of sin and to demand emancipation as the price of repentance. A tenet is a principle, belief, or doctrine generally held to be true; especially one held in common by members of an organization, movement, or profession. Abolitionists recognized that slavery received moral support from racial prejudice, and they lobbied to overturn the nations racially discriminatory practices. During the 1830s, abolitionists tried to reach and convertRead MoreThe Battle Against Slavery During The 19th Century1342 Words   |  6 Pagesanti-slavery movement was John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry. John Brown was a white Abolitionist who lived during the time of debate over Kansas’ statehood. Brown had strong beliefs as a Christian and used these to drive his desires, and a movement, of freeing all slaves. In 1851, Brown started an anti-slavery group called the United States League of Gileadites, which consisted of Brown himself, his sons, escaped and free slaves, and other supporting white Abolitionists who chose to join him. (Earle)Read MoreAbolitionist Movements And Social Reforms1610 Words   |  7 Pageswould able to be changed through peaceful political reforms, while others felt that real change could only be achieved by violence. A radical white abolitionist named John Brown became a historical figure whose beliefs motivated the violent abolitionist crusade. In the 1830s, antislavery underwent an important transformation which led to various abolitionist movements and social reforms. The American Association Organization provided a program which taught information about the gradual emancipation ofRead MoreEssay on Abolitionists997 Words   |  4 PagesAbolitionists Strategies of Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, and John Brown Abolitionist Movement was a reform movement during the 18th and 19th centuries. Often called the antislavery movement, it sought to end the enslavement of Africans and people of African descent in Europe, the Americas, and Africa itself. It also aimed to end the Atlantic slave trade carried out in the Atlantic Ocean between Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Many people participated in trying to end slavery. TheseRead MoreControversial Dedication : A Study Of John Brown s Politics1483 Words   |  6 PagesControversial Dedication: A Study of John Brown’s Politics â€Å"I, John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away; but with blood. I had as I now think: vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed, it might be done.† – John Brown (1859) Few abolitionists have shown the die-hard dedication that John Brown presented during the battle to end slavery. Most abolitionists, such as Frederick Douglas, focused on giving speeches to persuade people to

Stem Cells Essay - 1034 Words

Mesenchymal stem cells go on to develop into: connective tissue, like adipocytes, stromal cells or tenocytes; muscle tissues, from myoblasts into skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle types; cartilage, which is created when an osteochondral progenitor cell develops into a chondroblast then a chondrocyte; or bone tissue, which is also developed from an osteochondral progenitor cell, into an osteoblast, then an osteocyte. Hematopoietic stem cells are what create all the different components of blood. They develop into Myeloid Progenitor cells, which then go on to develop into erythroblasts (create erythrocytes, or red blood cells), megakaryoblasts (create megakaryocytes and thrombocytes, which are platelets), and also myeloblasts.†¦show more content†¦It then develops into a polychromatophilic normoblast. At this stage, the cytoplasm begins to create haemoglobin, changing the colour to dark grey-blue, and the chromatin in the nucleus becomes more condensed and knotted. Then, the nuclei completely shrink, forming a orthochromatic normoblast, which then develops into a reticulocyte, an immature red blood cell. Neutrophils Neutrophils are also created from myeloid Progenitor cells, but they then develop into myeloblasts, which create the three types of granulocyte, including neutrophils. Stem Cells in Medicine There are many potential benefits of stem cell research, however, there is a lot more intensive stem cell research that needs to be done to bridge the gap between the promise of stem cells and the actual reality of these uses. There are many areas of medicine where stem cells could be applied, and range from the development of new drugs, possibly for conditions that have no treatments or cures, to cell therapies, where stem cells are used to replace failing or damaged tissue. Together, cardiovascular diseases, such as heart disease, and cancers are the top two causes of death. Regenerative medicine, using stem cells, has the potential to be able to repair heart damage and perhaps improve cancer treatments. Heart Disease At the moment, the aim of heart disease research is to understand in better detail what is involved in heartShow MoreRelatedStem Cells Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas provided us with a hope for these diseases. This essay will address the issue of controversial research in stem cells. This technology offers hope to millions who are victims of a multitude of diseases and disorders. It can be used to regrow limbs, create organs, attack genetic diseases, treat malfunctioning bladders, etc. However, this same technology is also one of the most controversial debates in science today. If you type â€Å"stem cells research† into your Google search bar, you will most likelyRead MoreStem Cells Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells are used every day throughout the United States to help cure diseases and save lives. Stem cells can also be used to study labor defects so that future birth deficiencies can be prevented or reversed. Although as a college student starting a family may not be on your mind yet, it is always beneficial to educate yourself on current trends and new discoveries in stem cell research. Andres Travino and his wife were excited when their son Andy was born ten years ago. Andy prayed and hopedRead MoreStem Cell Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesInduced Pluripotent Stem Cells and their use in Cardiac Regeneration Introduction Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Ischemic heart disease, where the oxygen supply to the myocardium is restricted, is a common cause of an MI. Myocardial injury results in loss of cardiomyocytes (cardiac muscle cells) due to apoptosis, and the development of necrotic myocardium, eventually leading to heart failure. The formation of the necrotic myocardium causesRead MoreStem Cell Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pagestreated with the use of embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of human embryo. In simpler terms, these cells have the ability of developing into any of the two hundred different cell types in our bodies. Unlike most of the cells in our bodies, such as heart cells or skin cells, which conduct a specific function, a stem cell does not have a specific function until it is specialized (Hogan). A stem cell that is becoming specialized willRead More Stem Cells Es say1128 Words   |  5 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cells â€Å"Embryonic stem cells...are in effect, a human self-repair kit,† (Christopher Reeve, activist – Larry King show). For the advancement of science, stem cells are infinitely valuable, especially when considering all the potential applications in the field of medicine. Stem cell usage is a very controversial topic, because most people think of abortions, cloning, and other negative topics when they hear the term stem cell. However I think those thoughts are because they don’tRead More Stem Cells Essay4600 Words   |  19 Pages Stem cells are a large focus of study in today’s biomedical world. They are cells that exist in an undifferentiated state, and transform into differing tissue types depending on what the cells surrounding them are. The different types of stem cells have the ability to repair many classes of damaged human tissue. However, only one type of stem cell promises to regenerate virtually any class of tissue. This is the highly controversial embryonic stem cell (ESC). Unfortunately, there is a dark sideRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells2760 Words   |  12 Pagesof the most recent advances in stem cell research. 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stem cells should be defined by their ability to renew themselves and diversify into other cell types. 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are several readily accessible sources of stem cells. Strict criteria apply to the use of these sources in medical research. 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stem cells have wide potential application in medicine. quot;Adultquot; stem cells have already been used in the worldsRead MoreStem Cell Research: The Benefits of Stem Cells Essay723 Words   |  3 Pagesextracted the adult stem cells from it and formed an osteoblast, which is a bone forming cell. Six months after the osteoblast was injected, it started forming new bone material which filled the gaps (NIH Stem Cells). Stem cells could be a genius way to treat many diseases and disorders and it should be supported by everyone. Stem cells get their name from the fact that they are basic cells that other cells develop from. They are capable of developing into a wide range of cells. Stem cells could potentiallyRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells2831 Words   |  12 Pages What is a stem cell? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stem cells have the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells. They are best described in the context of normal human development. Human development begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg and creates a single cell that has the potential to form an entire organism. This fertilized egg is totipotent, meaning that its potential is total. In the first hours after fertilization, this cell divides intoRead More Stem Cell Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. Research in the use of stem cells holds limitless possibilities in the medical field. Stem cells are the cells in our bodies that are in their primitive form. These cells have not yet become the type of cell they are destined to be, whether it be nervous tissue or another. However, even though stem cell research is a great new field, its progress is being limited by moral concerns and ethical questions. In order to let medicine reach its full potential, stem cell research should be legalized

Do Not Text and Drive - 950 Words

In today’s society, texting is an incredibly significant part of life. People crave rapid responses and are eager to see messages immediately. It is rather difficult to imagine life without instant messaging. Texting is so prominent that individuals are risking lives by reading messages while driving. It is absolutely ridiculous and must be stopped. The time taken to write a simple message such as â€Å"OK† or â€Å"LOL† can cause severe injuries and death. A multitude of individuals believe that nothing will happen to them and that they are immune. Despite so, that is most definitely not the case. Life is precious and can be taken away in an instant. I urge everyone, especially my friends and family, to not text and drive . I beg everyone to†¦show more content†¦They can only imagine what a great man he would have become. Nevertheless, his family and friends will always remember his loving personality, his smile, and the joy he brought them. Although his death was quite terrible, it does teach a lesson. It manifests the importance of not texting and driving. Moreover, it demonstrates how quickly life can change. This boy would have been especially successful, but that changed within an instant. A simple text message took away his hopes, dreams, and future. A family was torn apart. I cannot grasp how I would survive after losing someone close because of texting and driving. I am sure lots of other people would feel the same way if they were in that situation. In order to prevent deaths like this, the realities of horrible deaths like this must be told. We must take action and vow to never text and drive. Please convince as much people as you can to stop texting and driving. We CAN make a difference and improve the safety of drivers and roads. However, NOTHING will change if we fail to spread the word of the dangers of texting while driving. We must put in effort and be diligent. We can avoid possible harm and tragedies. Let†™s strive to make an impression on the world. I hope this story has impacted you to not text and drive. Don’t text and drive- saveShow MoreRelatedDo Not Text, Just Drive Essay1273 Words   |  6 PagesDakota, and Texas are the eight states that do not restrict all drivers from texting and driving. The state of Texas, with the population 26,664,574 people, is the second largest state in the US. Imagine half of those people texting while driving all at one time. This would be a date for disaster. (Texas Department of State Health Services ) Although having a cell phone would be very convenient to one, it is not a priority for anyone. Being able to text is not a right under any means; thereforeRead MoreName: Rafaela Romero Specific Purpose: Don’t Text and Drive, Save lives. Introduction700 Words   |  3 PagesRafaela Romero Specific Purpose: Don’t Text and Drive, Save lives. Introduction Paragraph: Good Evening my name is Rafaela, I’m here to persuade you why you shouldn’t text and drive. (Video)There’s times we wish we could rewind time, but sadly we can’t. We all make the mistake of texting and driving without thinking on the consequences this could bring. Texting and Driving is a big epidemic that hurts our nation day by day, I’m here to persuade you to don’t do it. I. Automobile crashes as a resultRead MoreTexting And Driving Is Wrong921 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you text and drive you are knowingly taking a risk of an accident because of how texting distracts a person from driving properly. Texting and driving is when you use your phone while operating a motor vehicle. When making this choice to do this, drivers often: drift off to the sides of roads, run stop signals, run into another car, etc. Using your phone any kind of way is distracting because you are taking your eyes off the road, and into a screen. Even though the time it takes to text is reallyRead MoreStrategic Text Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesTowing Your Way Through Strategic Texts Characteristics If I were to drive through the town of Auburn, Alabama and count the amount of â€Å"Tow Away Zone signs, it would take me an entire day to do so. Even then, the chance of me overlooking and missing one or two signs is likely to happen. There are apartment complexes surrounding all sides of campus with a lot of housing being crammed along West Glenn and Gay Street. Even downtown parking is very limited. To ensure that apartment renters, and shopRead Moretexting and driving1187 Words   |  5 Pageswhy people do them even with the dangerous consequences. Drivers think they can text while driving and also drink while driving because they think they can get away with it because nothing has affected them in the past while doing it. Michael Austin states, â€Å"Texting, also known as SMS (for short message service), is on the rise, up from 9.8 billion messages a month in December ’05 to 110.4 billion in December ’08†. What does it mean to all drivers to text and dr ive, or even drink and drive? Why wouldRead MoreTexting And Driving : The Phone Rings And A Man Answers969 Words   |  4 Pageswithout looking. People do this all the time and not even think about what they are doing. It is just a natural reaction that our generation has become used to since phones run our lives. A phone rings and bang someone is right there to answer and respond to whatever is needed. This then continues on the roads which strikes fear in a lot of people. That is where ads have come into place to take over and try to get people to not text and drive. They strike fear by saying â€Å"do you want to be the personRead MoreTexting And Driving Is A Good Thing Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagestheir phone. Texting and driving is one of the most daring things people can do on the road now a days. It is a tragic practice in the United States that needs to be stopped. It’s taking many lives of peoples family and friends around the United States today. This phenomenon of texting and driving exists and it isn t a good thing. Although many people would agree that texting and driving isn t a safe act many still do it. Most people feel discluded from the texting while driving danger and believeRead MoreRalph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, And Edgar Allen Poe1047 Words   |  5 PagesHawthorne, and Edgar Allen Poe all convey the behavior of human nature in separate ways. These three authors show the curiosity, drive for perfection, and fear of human nature throughout their texts in detail. With these characteristics being prominent in human nature itself, it shows a connection with the nature that humans take part of living in every day. By analyzing these texts by these three authors, one can find the true meaning of human nature and how humans are a key aspect to nature itself. CuriosityRead MorePersuasive Essay On Texting And Driving711 Words   |  3 PagesBeing able to drive is a dream come true, that can easily become a nightmare that you are never wake up from. The state of Florida is trying to make drivers aware of the dangers that come with distracted driving. Texting and driving is one of the biggest problems America is facing at the moment. Many people, especially teenagers, are dying from distractive driving. The state of Florida decided that they wanted to help with this problem and made it illegal to text and drive. They have also put upRead MoreIs Inattentional Blindness So Different Between The Two Tasks?1040 Words   |  5 Pagessome days when I pick up my phone. That image got me to stop texting and driving for quote a bit of time. Despite his best efforts I still do use my phone and drive. Most people seem to fall into the same trap, but can we text and drive safely? According to David L. Strayer and Frank A. Drews research, no. It†™s estimated that 100 million drives use a phone and drive. Yet people are not distracted as much by the radio, or audio books, why? The researchers wanted to see why inattentional blindness is so

Law Test with Answers Essay Sample free essay sample

1. Define Law. â€Å"Law. in its generic sense. is a organic structure of regulations of action or behavior prescribed by commanding authorization. and holding binding legal force. That which must be obeyed and followed by citizens capable to countenances or legal effects is a jurisprudence. † 2. Give 5 maps of the jurisprudence and illustrations ( different illustrations than in the book ) . a. Keeping peace ( Example: Beating a weaker homo for any grounds ) B. Determining moral criterions ( Example: colza )c. Promoting societal justness ( Example: Gender Discrimination in scholarship or Race Discrimination in political relations ) d. Keeping the position quo ( Example: a position quo order may be issued to forestall one parent from taking a kid from the abode or out of the country without the other parent’s consent ) e. Facilitating orderly alteration ( Example: well-designed Torahs for commercialism that allow concerns to be after their daily-activities. supply productive resources. and assess risk-management ) f. Supplying a footing for via media ( Example: largely the jurisprudence suites helps acquiring settled or reduces the charges before tests ) 3. Specify the 7 schools of jurisprudential idea The doctrine or scientific discipline of the jurisprudence is referred to as law. Traditional law can be divided into four basic â€Å"schools of thought† or doctrines of jurisprudence: a. Natural Law School The Natural Law School of law posits that the jurisprudence is based on what is â€Å"correct. † B. Historical SchoolThe Historical School of law believes that the jurisprudence is an sum of societal traditions and imposts that have developed over the centuries. c. Analytical SchoolThe Analytical School of law maintains that the jurisprudence is shaped by logic. d. Sociological SchoolThe Sociological School of law asserts that the jurisprudence is a agency of accomplishing and progressing certain sociological ends. e. Command SchoolThe philosophers of the Command School of law believe that the jurisprudence is a set of regulations developed. communicated. and enforced by the governing party instead than a contemplation of the society’s morality. history. logic. or sociology. f. Critical Legal Studies SchoolThe Critical Legal Studies School proposes that legal regulations are unneeded and are used as an obstruction by the powerful to keep the position quo. g. Law and Economics SchoolThe Law and Economics School believes that advancing market efficiency should be the cardinal end of legal determination devising. 4. Explain in item the province tribunal system. Each province and each district of the United States has its ain separate tribunal system ( jointly referred: State tribunals ) . Most province tribunal systems include: limited-jurisdiction test tribunals. general-jurisdiction test tribunals. intermediate appellant tribunals. and a supreme tribunal. State limited-jurisdiction test tribunals. which are sometimes referred to as inferior test tribunals. hear affairs of a specialised or limited nature. E. g. Traffic tribunals. juvenile tribunals. justice-of-the-peace tribunals. probate tribunals. household jurisprudence tribunals. and tribunals that hear misdemeanor condemnable jurisprudence instances are limited-jurisdiction tribunals in many provinces. Because limited-jurisdiction tribunals are test tribunals. grounds can be introduced and testimony can be given. Most limited-jurisdiction tribunals maintain records of their proceedings. A determination of such a tribunal can normally be appealed to a general-jurisdiction tribunal or an appellant tribunal. Every province has a general-jurisdiction test tribunal. These tribunals are frequently referred to as tribunals of record because the testimony and grounds at test are recorded and stored for future mention. These tribunals hear instances that are non within the legal power of limited-jurisdiction test tribunals. such as felonies. civil instances more than a certain dollar sum. and so on. Some provinces divide their general-jurisdiction tribunals into two divisions. one for condemnable instances and one for civil instances. In many provinces. intermediate appellate tribunals ( besides called appellate tribunals or tribunals of entreaty ) hear entreaties from test tribunals. They review the test tribunal record to find whether there have been any mistakes at test that would necessitate reversal or alteration of the test court’s determination. Thus. an appellant tribunal reviews either pertinent parts or the whole test tribunal record from the lower tribunal. No new grounds or testimony is permitted. There is a highest province tribunal of each state’s tribunal system. Many provinces call this highest tribunal the province supreme tribunal. Some provinces use other names for their highest tribunals. The map of a state’s highest tribunal is to hear entreaties from intermediate appellate province tribunals and certain test tribunals. No new grounds or testimony is heard. The parties normally submit pertinent parts of or the full lower tribunal record for reappraisal. The parties besides submit legal Jockey shortss to the tribunal and are normally granted a brief unwritten hearing. Decisions of highest province tribunals are concluding unless a inquiry of jurisprudence is involved that is appealable to the U. S. Supreme Court. 5. Explain in item the federal tribunal system. Article III of the U. S. Constitution provides that the federal government’s judicial power is vested in one â€Å"Supreme Court. † This tribunal is the U. S. Supreme Court. Article III besides authorizes Congress to set up â€Å"inferior† federal tribunals. Pursu-ant to its Article III power. Congress has established the U. S. territory tribunals. the U. S. tribunals of entreaties. and the U. S. bankruptcy tribunals. Pursuant to other author-ity in the Constitution. the U. S. Congress has established other federal tribunals. Federal Judgess of the U. S. Supreme Court. U. S. tribunals of entreaties. and U. S. territory tribunals are appointed for life by the president. with the advice and consent of the Senate. Judges of other tribunals are non appointed for life but are appointed for assorted periods of clip ( e. g. . bankruptcy tribunal Judgess are appointed for 14-year footings ) . The U. S. territory tribunals are the federal tribunal system’s test tribunals of general legal power. The U. S. tribunals of entreaties are the federal tribunal system’s intermediate appellate tribunals. There are 13 circuits in the federal tribunal system. The first 12 are geo-graphical. Eleven are designated by Numberss. such as the â€Å"First Circuit. † â€Å"Second Circuit. † and so on. The geographical country served by each tribunal is referred to as a circuit. The 12th circuit tribunal. located in Washington. DC. is called the District of Columbia Circuit. 6. Specify the followers:a. standing to action To convey a case. a complainant must hold standing to action. This means the complainant must hold some interest in the result of the case. Definition from USLEGAL. com †¦ Standing to action philosophy refers to a legal rule where a party is entitled to hold a tribunal decide his/her virtues of the instance. Under this philosophy. a party is entitled to obtain judicial declaration. In the U. S. . there are many demands that a party must set up to hold standing before a federal tribunal. The followers are some of the demands recognized under the philosophy: 1. Injury ; 2. Causing ; 3. Redressability. The standing to action philosophy is a jurisdictional issue which concerns power of federal tribunals to hear and make up ones mind instances. The philosophy is non concerned with ultimate virtues of a instance. b. capable affair legal power Capable affair legal power is the authorization of a tribunal to hear the type of instance brought before it. It is legal power over the type of claim brought by the complainant. ( USLEGAL. com ) c. in paradoxical sleep legal power A tribunal may hold legal power to hear and make up ones mind a instance because it has legal power over the belongings of the case. This is called in paradoxical sleep legal power ( â€Å"jurisdiction over the thing† ) . d. quasi in paradoxical sleep legal power Sometimes a complainant who obtains a judgement against a suspect in one province will seek to roll up the judgement by attaching belongings of the suspect that is located in another province. This is permitted under quasi in rem legal power. or attachment legal power. e. localeVenue requires cases to be heard by the tribunal of the tribunal system that has legal power to hear the instance that is located nighest to where the incident occurred. where informants and grounds are available. and such other relevant factors. 7. List and specify the parts of a â€Å"pleading† . The paperwork that is filed with the tribunal to originate and react to a case is referred to as the pleadings. The major pleadings are the ailment. the reply. the cross-complaint. and the answer. Ailment and Biddings:To originate a case. the party who is actioning ( the complainant ) must register a ailment in the proper tribunal. The ailment names the parties to the case. alleges the ultimate facts and jurisprudence violated. and contains a â€Å"prayer for relief† for a redress to be awarded by the tribunal. The ailment can be every bit long as necessary. depending on the case’s complexness. In other words. a papers filed by a complainant with a tribunal and served with a biddings on the suspect. It sets forth the footing of the case. Cross-Complaint and Answer:A suspect who believes that he or she has been injured by the complainant can register a cross-complaint against the complainant in add-on to an reply. In the cross- ailment. the suspect ( now the cross-complainant ) sues the complainant ( now the cross-defendant ) for amendss or some other redress. The original complainant must register a answer ( reply ) to the cross-complaint. The answer. which can include affirmatory defences. must be filed with the tribunal and served on the original suspect. Alternatively. a papers filed and served by a suspect if he or she countersues the complainant. The suspect is the cross-complainant. and the complainant is the cross-defendant. The cross-defendant must register and function a answer ( reply ) . Answer:The suspect. the party who is being sued. must register an reply to the plaintiff’s ailment. The defendant’s reply is filed with the tribunal and served on the complainant. In the reply. the suspect admits or denies the allegations contained in the plaintiff’s ailment. A judgement is entered against a suspect who admits all of the allegations in the ailment. The instance returns if the suspect denies all or some of the allegations. In short. a papers filed by a suspect with a tribunal and served on the complainant. It normally denies most allegations of the ailment. 8. List and specify the 4 parts of â€Å"discovery† . The legal procedure provides for a elaborate pretrial process called find. During find. each party engages in assorted activities to detect facts of the instance from the other party and witnesses prior to test. Discovery serves several maps. including forestalling surprises. leting parties to thoroughly prepare for test. continuing grounds. salvaging tribunal clip. and advancing the colony of instances. DepositionA deposition is unwritten testimony given by a party or witness prior to test. The individual giving a deposition is called the testifier. InterrogationsInterrogations are written inquiries submitted by one party to a case to another party. Production of DocumentsFrequently. peculiarly in complex concern instances. a significant part of a case may be based on information contained in paperss ( e. g. . memorandas. correspondence. company records ) . One party to a case may bespeak that the other party produce all paperss that are relevant to the instance prior to test. This is called production of paperss. Physical or Mental ExaminationIn instances that concern the physical or mental status of a party. a tribunal can order the party to subject to certain physical or mental scrutinies to find the extent of the alleged hurts. 9. List and specify the stages of a test. |Jury Selection |The pool of possible jurymans is normally selected from elector or car enrollment | | |lists. Persons are selected to hear specific instances through a procedure called voir dire | | | ( â€Å"to speak the truth† ) . Lawyers for each party and the justice can inquire prospective jurymans | | |questions to find whether they would be biased in their determinations. | |Opening Statements |Each party’s lawyer is allowed to do an gap statement to the jury at the get downing | | |of a test. During an opening statement. an lawyer normally summarizes the chief factual and| | |legal issues of the instance and depict why he or she believes the client’s place is | | |valid. The information given in this statement is non considered as grounds. | |The Plaintiff’s Case |A complainant bears the load of cogent evidence to carry the trier of fact of the virtues of his or | | |her instance. This is called the plaintiff’s instance. | |The Defendantâ⠂¬â„¢s Case |The defendant’s instance returns after the complainant has concluded his or her instance. The | | |defendant’s instance must ( 1 ) rebut the plaintiff’s grounds. ( 2 ) turn out any affirmatory defenses| | |asserted by the suspect. and ( 3 ) turn out any allegations contained in the defendant’s | | |cross-complaint. The defendant’s informants are examined on direct scrutiny by the | | |defendant’s lawyer. | |Rebuttal and Rejoinder |After the defendant’s lawyer has finished naming informants. the plaintiff’s lawyer can | | |call informants and set forth grounds to refute the defendant’s instance. This is called a | | |rebuttal. | |Closing Arguments |At the decision of the presentation of the grounds. each party’s lawyer is allowed to | | |make a shutting statement to the jury. | |Jury Instructions. Deliberation. and |Once the shutting statements are completed. the justice reads jury instructions ( or charges ) to | |Verdict |the jury. These instructions inform the jury about what jurisprudence to use when they decide the | | |case. | |Entry of Judgment |After the jury has returned its finding of fact. in most instances the justice will come in a judgement to | | |the successful party. based on the finding of fact. This is the official determination of the tribunal. | 10. List and specify the types of Alternative Dispute Resolution. Negotiation:The simplest signifier of alternate difference declaration is prosecuting in dialogues between the parties to seek to settle a difference. Negotiation is a process whereby the parties to a legal difference engage in treatments to seek to make a voluntary colony of their difference. Negotiation may take topographic point either before a case is filed. after a case is filed. or before other signifiers of alternate difference declaration are used. Arbitration:A common signifier of ADR is arbitration. In arbitration. the parties choose an impartial 3rd party to hear and make up ones mind the difference. This impersonal party is called the arbiter. Mediation:Mediation is a signifier of dialogue in which a impersonal 3rd party assists the challenging parties in making a colony of their difference. The impersonal 3rd party is called a go-between. Mini-Trial:A mini-trial is a voluntary private proceeding in which attorneies for each side present a sawed-off version of their instance to the representatives of both sides. The representatives of each side who attend the mini-trial have the authorization to settle the difference. In many instances. the parties besides hire a impersonal 3rd party— frequently person who is an expert in the field refering the disputed affair or a legal expert—who presides over the mini-trial. After hearing the instance. the impersonal 3rd party frequently is called upon to render an sentiment as to how the tribunal would most likely make up ones mind the instance. Fact-Finding:In some state of affairss. called fact-finding. the parties to a difference employ a impersonal 3rd party to move as a fact-finder to look into the difference. Judicial Referee:If the parties agree. the tribunal may name a judicial referee to carry on a private test and render a judgement. Referees. who are frequently retired Judgess. have most of the same powers as test Judgess. and their determinations stand as judgements of the tribunal. The parties normally reserve their right to appeal. 11. Specify e-dispute declaration. The usage of on-line alternate difference declaration services to decide a difference. 12. Describe the English Common Law system. English Common Law:Law developed by Judgess who issued their sentiments when make up ones minding a instance. The rules announced in these instances became case in point for ulterior Judgess make up ones minding similar instances. The English common jurisprudence can be divided into instances decided by the jurisprudence tribunals. equity tribunals. and merchant tribunals. Law CourtsPrior to the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. each vicinity in England was capable to local Torahs. as established by the Godhead or captain in control of the local country. There was no nationwide system of jurisprudence. Chancery ( Equity ) CourtsBecause of some unjust consequences and limited redresss available in the jurisprudence tribunals. a 2nd set of courts—the Court of Chancery ( or equity tribunal ) —was established. These tribunals were under the authorization of the Lord Chancellor. Persons who believed that the determination of a jurisprudence tribunal was unjust or believed that the jurisprudence tribunal could non allow an appropriate redress could seek alleviation in the Court of Chancery. Merchant CourtsAs trade developed during the in-between Ages. the merchandisers who traveled approximately England and Europe developed certain regulations to work out their commercial differences. These regulations. known as the â€Å"law of merchandisers. † or the Law Merchant. were based on common trade patterns and use. Finally. a separate set of tribunals was established to administrate these regulations. This tribunal was called the Merchant Court. 13. What are the beginnings of jurisprudence in the US. Beginnings of Law 1. Consitutions ( province and federal )2. Legislative acts ( province and federal )3. Regulations4. Treaties5. Cases ( province and federal )6. Administrative Agency Rules and Adjudications ( province and federal )7. Procedural regulations of the tribunals ( province and federal )8. Voter Initiatives ( province merely ) 14. define the followers: a. codified jurisprudenceFederal legislative acts are organized by subject into codification books. This is frequently referred to as statute jurisprudence b. presidential executive ordersThe executive subdivision of authorities. which includes the president of the United States and province governors. is empowered to publish executive orders. c. administrative bureau ordinances and ordersAgencies ( such as the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Trade Commission ) that the legislative and executive subdivisions of federal and province authoritiess are empowered to set up. d. judicial determinationsWhen make up ones minding single cases. federal and province tribunals issue judicial determinations. In these written sentiments. a justice or justness normally explains the legal logical thinking used to make up ones mind the instance. 15. Specify the followers:a. ethical fundamentalismUnder ethical fundamentalism. a individual looks to an outside beginning for ethical regulations or bids. This may be a book ( e. g. . the Bible. the Koran ) or a individual ( e. g. . Karl Marx ) . Critics argue that ethical fundamentalism does non allow people to find right and incorrect for themselves. Taken to an extreme. the consequence could be considered unethical under most other moral theories. b. utilitarianismUtilitarianism is a moral theory with beginnings in the plants of Jeremy Bentham ( 1748–1832 ) and John Stuart ( 1806–1873 ) . This moral theory dictates that people must take the action or follow the regulation that provides the greatest good to society. This does non intend the greatest good for the greatest figure of people. c. Kantian moralssKant believed that people owe moral responsibilities that are based on cosmopolitan regulations. Kant’s doctrine is based on the premiss that people can utilize concluding to make ethical determinations. His ethical theory would hold people behave harmonizing to the categorical imperative â€Å"Do unto others as you would hold them make unto you. † Kantian moralss is a deontological ethical theory foremost proposed by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant based on the thought of moral responsibility. It asserts that a good will is the lone per se good thing and that an action is merely good if performed out of responsibility. instead than out of practical demand or desire. This was based on Kant’s accent on ground for developing moral Torahs and his belief in the demand to be able to universalise moral determinations. which led to the rule of the categorical jussive mood. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Kantian_ethics ) d. societal justness theoryJohn Locke ( 1632–1704 ) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 1712–1778 ) proposed a societal contract theory of morality. Under this theory. each individual is presumed to hold entered into a societal contract with all others in society to obey moral regulations that are necessary for people to populate in peace and harmoniousness. This implied contract provinces. â€Å"I will maintain the regulations if everyone else does. † These moral regulations are so used to work out conflicting involvements in society. e. ehical relativism Ethical relativism holds that persons must make up ones mind what is ethical based on their ain feelings about what is right and incorrect. Under thismoral theory. if a individual meets his or her ain moral criterion in doing a determination. no 1 can knock him or her for it. 16. List and specify the societal duties of concern. Maximize Net incomesThe traditional position of the societal duty of concern is that concern should maximise net incomes for stockholders. This position. which dominated concern and the jurisprudence during the nineteenth century. holds that the involvements of other constituencies are non of import in and of themselves. Moral MinimumSome advocates of corporate societal duty argue that a corporation’s responsibility is to do a net income while avoiding doing injury to others. This theory of societal duty is called the moral lower limit. Stakeholder InterestBusinesss have relationships with all kinds of people besides their share-holders. including employees. providers. clients. creditors. and the local community. Under the stakeholder involvement theory of societal duty. a corporation must see the effects its actions have on these other stakeholders. Corporate CitizenshipThe corporate citizenship theory of societal duty argues that concern has a duty to make good. That is. concern is responsible for assisting to work out societal jobs that it did little. if anything. to do. 17. Answer the 3 inquiries after 1. 3 Business Ethics instance 18. Answer the three inquiries after 2. 3 Business Ethics instance 19. Answer the three inquiries after 3. 4 Business Ethics instance Can non happen this questionnaire. delight clearly specify page # 20. Answer the three inquiries after 4. 5 Business moralss instance